Tag: criminal cases

  • Exempting Circumstances in Philippine Criminal Law: When Is a Person Exempt from Criminal Liability?

    Exempting Circumstances in Philippine Criminal Law: When Is a Person Exempt from Criminal Liability?

    Imagine a person commits an act that would normally constitute a crime. However, circumstances surrounding the act raise an important question: Can the person still be held criminally liable? Philippine criminal law recognizes situations where a person may be exempt from criminal liability because the law considers that the person lacked the necessary intelligence, freedom…

  • Can a Deleted Chat Still Be Used as Evidence in Philippine Courts?

    Can a Deleted Chat Still Be Used as Evidence in Philippine Courts?

    Imagine this: a person receives an important message through text, Messenger, or another electronic platform. The conversation later becomes relevant to a dispute. However, when the person checks the account, the messages have already been deleted. The immediate question is understandable: Can a deleted conversation still be used as evidence in a Philippine court? The…